Which of the following is NOT an operation-based exercise?

A seminar is designed primarily for information exchange and discussion rather than for practicing operations in a realistic scenario. In contrast to operation-based exercises, which are structured to simulate real life emergency environments and involve active participation in roles and tasks, a seminar focuses more on presentations and lectures where participants learn about procedures or policies without engaging in practical application.

In operation-based exercises, like drills and full-scale or functional exercises, participants engage in hands-on activities that allow them to practice their responses to emergency scenarios actively. These exercises aim to enhance readiness through realistic experience, which is not the intent of a seminar, making it distinctly different from the other options listed.